# 提交/获取/获取字段->映射
## 提交/获取/获取字段映射
### Put Mapping /提交映射
提交映射允许提交自定义的类型映射至一个新的索引，或者增加一个新的类型至一个存在的索引，或者增加某个存在类型的字段。
```
curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/twitter ?pretty' -d' ＃ 1
{
"mappings": {
"tweet": {
"properties": {
"message": {
"type": "text"
}
}
}
}
}'
curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/twitter/_mapping/user ?pretty' -d' ＃ 2
{
"properties": {
"name": {
"type": "text"
}
}
}'
curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/twitter/_mapping/tweet ?pretty' -d' ＃ 3
{
"properties": {
"user_name": {
"type": "text"
}
}
}'
```
| [](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-put-mapping.html#CO125-1) | 创建一个名叫 `twitter` 的索引，在tweet包含一个字段`message` . |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |
| [](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-put-mapping.html#CO125-2) | 使用 PUT mapping API 增加一个新的类型： `user`. |
| [](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-put-mapping.html#CO125-3) | 使用 PUT mapping API 向 `tweet`增加`user_name` 字段. |
有关 [mapping](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/mapping.html) 更多的信息请在该章节查看.
#### Multi-index /多索引
PUT mapping API 可以用一个请求支持多个索引.格式如下
```
PUT /{index}/_mapping/{type}
{ body }
```
* `{index}`接受多个 [index](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/multi-index.html)和通配符.
* `{type}`是更新的 type 名称.
* `{body}`包含需要更新的字段等.
## Updating field mappings/更新字段映射
一般来说，现有字段的映射不能更新。 这个规则有一些例外。 例如：
可以将新属性[`properties`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/properties.html) 添加到[Object](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/object.html)数据类型字段中。\
新的多字段[multi-fields](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/multi-fields.html)可以添加到现有字段。\
可以禁用[`doc_values`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/doc-values.html) ，但不能启用。\
可以更新[`ignore_above`](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/ignore-above.html) 参数。
For example:
```
curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/my_index ?pretty' -d' ＃ 1
{
"mappings": {
"user": {
"properties": {
"name": {
"properties": {
"first": {
"type": "text"
}
}
},
"user_id": {
"type": "keyword"
}
}
}
}
}'
curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/my_index/_mapping/user?pretty' -d'
{
"properties": {
"name": {
"properties": {
"last": { ＃ 2
"type": "text"
}
}
},
"user_id": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 100 ＃ 3
}
}
}'
```
| [](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-put-mapping.html#CO126-1) | 创建有一个 `first` 字段的, [Object datatype](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/object.html) 字段, 和一个`user_id` 字段. |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| [](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-put-mapping.html#CO126-2) | 加入 `last`字段 在`name` object 字段下. |
| [](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-put-mapping.html#CO126-3) | 更新`ignore_above` 设置 默认: 0. |
每个 [mapping](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/mapping-params.html)参数指定是否可以在现有字段上更新其设置。
#### Conflicts between fields in different types/多字段/类型的冲突
同一索引中具有相同名称的两个不同类型(type)的的字段必须具有相同的映射，因为它们在内部由相同的字段支持。 尝试更新存在于多个类型中的字段的映射参数将抛出异常，除非您指定update\_all\_types参数，否则将在同一索引中的同一个名称的所有字段上更新该参数。
```
curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/my_index?pretty' -d'
{
"mappings": {
"type_one": {
"properties": {
"text": { ＃ 1
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "standard"
}
}
},
"type_two": {
"properties": {
"text": { ＃ 2
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "standard"
}
}
}
}
}'
curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/my_index/_mapping/type_one ?pretty' -d' ＃ 3
{
"properties": {
"text": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "standard",
"search_analyzer": "whitespace"
}
}
}'
```
| [](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-put-mapping.html#CO127-1)[](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-put-mapping.html#CO127-2) | 创建一个两种类型的索引，它们都包含一个具有相同映射的文本字段。 |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| [](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-put-mapping.html#CO127-3) | 尝试更新`search_analyzer`对 `type_one` 字段时抛出异常 `"Merge failed with failures..."`. |
但是这样会成功
```
curl -XPUT 'localhost:9200/my_index/_mapping/type_one?update_all_types &pretty' -d' ＃ 1
{
"properties": {
"text": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "standard",
"search_analyzer": "whitespace"
}
}
}'
```
| [](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/indices-put-mapping.html#CO128-1) | 添加update\_all\_types参数会更新type\_one和type\_two中的文本字段。 |
| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
### Get Mapping /获取映射
The get mapping API allows to retrieve mapping definitions for an index or index/type.
```
curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/twitter/_mapping/tweet?pretty'
```
## Multiple Indices and Types
The get mapping API can be used to get more than one index or type mapping with a single call. General usage of the API follows the following syntax: `host:port/{index}/_mapping/{type}` where both `{index}` and `{type}` can accept a comma-separated list of names. To get mappings for all indices you can use `_all` for `{index}`. The following are some examples:
```
curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/_mapping/tweet,kimchy?pretty'
curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/_all/_mapping/tweet,book?pretty'
```
If you want to get mappings of all indices and types then the following two examples are equivalent:
```
curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/_all/_mapping?pretty'
curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/_mapping?pretty'
```
### Get Field Mapping /获取字段映射
获取单个字段的映射配置
```
curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/twitter/_mapping/tweet/field/message?pretty'
```
响应是（假设文本是默认字符串字段）：
```
{
"twitter": {
"mappings": {
"tweet": {
"message": {
"full_name": "message",
"mapping": {
"message": {
"type": "text",
"fields": {
"keyword": {
"type": "keyword",
"ignore_above": 256
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
```
#### 多个索引,类型和字段
```
curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/twitter,kimchy/_mapping/field/message?pretty'
curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/_all/_mapping/tweet,book/field/message,user.id?pretty'
curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/_all/_mapping/tw*/field/*.id?pretty'
```
get API可以用来获取字段映射,多字段映射多类型映射,多索引映射的一个调用。一般使用API遵循以下语法:`host:port/{index}/{type}/_mapping/field/{field},{index}, {type} 和 {field}`可以代表以逗号分隔的名称或通配符。为所有索引到映射可以使用\_all代替`{index}`。以下是一些例子:
```
curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/twitter,kimchy/_mapping/field/message?pretty'
curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/_all/_mapping/tweet,book/field/message,user.id?pretty'
curl -XGET 'localhost:9200/_all/_mapping/tw*/field/*.id?pretty'
```
#### 具体说明:
获取映射API允许您指定一个或多个用逗号分隔的字段。您也可以使用通配符。字段名可以是以下任何一个：
| Full names | 完整路径，包括任何父对象名称，字段是（例如[`user.id`](http://user.id/)）的一部分。 |
| ----------- | ------------------------------------------------------- |
| Field names | 没有路径的字段的名称（例如id for "user" : { "id" : 1 } }）。 |
选择作者的id字段,你可以使用它的全名`author.id`。名字将返回字段`author.name`:
```
curl -XGET "http://localhost:9200/publications/_mapping/article/field/author.id,abstract,name"
```
返回:
```
{
"publications": {
"article": {
"abstract": {
"full_name": "abstract",
"mapping": {
"abstract": { "type": "text" }
}
},
"author.id": {
"full_name": "author.id",
"mapping": {
"id": { "type": "text" }
}
},
"name": {
"full_name": "author.name",
"mapping": {
"name": { "type": "text" }
}
}
}
}
}
```
请注意，响应总是使用请求中指定的相同字段作为键。在每一个进入的full\_name包含的字段的映射返回的全名。当请求可以引用到多个字段时，这非常有用。
#### 其他选项
| `include_defaults` | 添加include\_defaults =true的查询字符串会导致包括默认值的响应，通常抑制。 |
| ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------ |
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