简单实例:多种搜索方式

目录:

1. query string search

2. query DSL

3. query filter

4. full-text search

5. phrase search

6. highlight search

1、query string search

操作原型

GET /idnex/type/_search

具体操作:

搜索全部商品：GET /ecommerce/product/_search

结果:

{
  "took": 2,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "jiajieshi yagao",
          "desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
          "price": 25,
          "producer": "jiajieshi producer",
          "tags": [
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "gaolujie yagao",
          "desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
          "price": 30,
          "producer": "gaolujie producer",
          "tags": [
            "meibai",
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "name": "zhonghua yagao",
          "desc": "caoben zhiwu",
          "price": 40,
          "producer": "zhonghua producer",
          "tags": [
            "qingxin"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

• took：耗费了几毫秒

• timed_out：是否超时，这里是没有

• _shards：数据拆成了5个分片，所以对于搜索请求，会打到所有的primary shard（或者是它的某个replica shard也可以）

• hits.total：本次查询结果的数量，3个document

• hits.max_score：score的含义，就是document对于一个search的相关度的匹配分数，越相关，就越匹配，分数也高._score分数越大，排位越靠前

• hits.hits：包含了匹配搜索的document的详细数据,默认查询前10条完整数据，_score降序排序

query string search的由来

因为search参数都是以http请求的query string来附带的

搜索商品名称中包含yagao的商品，而且按照售价降序排序：

GET /ecommerce/product/_search?q=name:yagao&sort=price:desc

适用于临时的在命令行使用一些工具，比如curl，快速的发出请求，来检索想要的信息；但是如果查询请求很复杂，是很难去构建的

在生产环境中，几乎很少使用query string search

2、query DSL

DSL：Domain Specified Language，特定领域的语言

http request body：请求体，可以用json的格式来构建查询语法，比较方便，可以构建各种复杂的语法，比query string search 强大

操作原型

GET /idnex/type/_search
{
   "json数据"
}

具体操作:

查询所有的商品:

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "query": { "match_all": {} }
}

`查询名称包含yagao的商品，同时按照价格降序排序

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "name" : "yagao"
        }
    },
    "sort": [
        { "price": "desc" }
    ]
}

分页查询商品，总共3条商品，假设每页就显示1条商品，现在显示第2页，所以就查出来第2个商品

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "query": { "match_all": {} },
  "from": 1,
  "size": 1
}

指定要查询出来商品的名称和价格:

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
  "query": { "match_all": {} },
  "_source": ["name", "price"]
}

更加适合生产环境的使用，可以构建复杂的查询

3、query filter(对数据进行过滤)

搜索商品名称包含yagao，而且售价大于25元的商品

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "bool" : {
            "must" : {
                "match" : {
                    "name" : "yagao" 
                }
            },
            "filter" : {
                "range" : {
                    "price" : { "gt" : 25 } 
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

must : 必须匹配

4、full-text search（全文检索）

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "producer" : "yagao producer"
        }
    }
}

es使用称为倒排索引的结构达到快速全文搜索的目的。倒排索引原理请看倒排索引章节.

5、phrase search（短语搜索）

phrase search， 完全匹配(yagao producer 必须一起完全比配)

相反，全文检索模糊匹配,会将输入的搜索串拆解开来(yagao producer 分为 yagao 和producer )，去倒排索引里面去一一匹配，只要能匹配上任意一个拆解后的单词，就可以作为结果返回

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match_phrase" : {
            "producer" : "yagao producer"
        }
    }
}

6、highlight search（高亮搜索结果）

GET /ecommerce/product/_search
{
    "query" : {
        "match" : {
            "producer" : "producer"
        }
    },
    "highlight": {
        "fields" : {
            "producer" : {}
        }
    }
}

搜索匹配到的关键词会被高亮

{
  "took": 22,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 5,
    "successful": 5,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": 3,
    "max_score": 0.25811607,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "2",
        "_score": 0.25811607,
        "_source": {
          "name": "jiajieshi yagao",
          "desc": "youxiao fangzhu",
          "price": 25,
          "producer": "jiajieshi producer",
          "tags": [
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        },
        "highlight": {
          "producer": [
            "jiajieshi <em>producer</em>"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "1",
        "_score": 0.25811607,
        "_source": {
          "name": "gaolujie yagao",
          "desc": "gaoxiao meibai",
          "price": 30,
          "producer": "gaolujie producer",
          "tags": [
            "meibai",
            "fangzhu"
          ]
        },
        "highlight": {
          "producer": [
            "gaolujie <em>producer</em>"
          ]
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "ecommerce",
        "_type": "product",
        "_id": "3",
        "_score": 0.25811607,
        "_source": {
          "name": "zhonghua yagao",
          "desc": "caoben zhiwu",
          "price": 40,
          "producer": "zhonghua producer",
          "tags": [
            "qingxin"
          ]
        },
        "highlight": {
          "producer": [
            "zhonghua <em>producer</em>"
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}