> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://xiaoxiami.gitbook.io/laravel/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://xiaoxiami.gitbook.io/laravel/laravel-ji-chu/shu-ju-ku-cao-zuo/shu-ju-qian-yi.md).

# 数据库迁移

参考：[Laravel 的数据库迁移 Migrations](https://docs.golaravel.com/docs/5.4/migrations/)

## 数据库迁移

数据库迁移就像是数据库的版本控制，可以让你的团队轻松修改并共享应用程序的数据库结构。迁移通常会搭配上 Laravel 的数据库结构构造器来让你方便地构建数据库结构。如果你曾经出现过让同事手动在数据库结构中添加字段的情况，数据库迁移可以解决你这个问题。

假设需要建的表结构为：

```
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS students(
    `id` INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    `name` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '姓名',
    `age` INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '年龄',
    `sex` INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 10 COMMENT '性别',
    `create_at` INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 10 COMMENT '新增时间',
    `update_at` INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL DEFAULT 10 COMMENT '修改时间'
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET utf8
 AUTO_INCREMENT=1001 COMMENT='学生表';
```

### **方式1： 新建一个students 表的迁移文件**

```
$ php artisan make:migration create_students_table
```

\-- table 和 --create参数可以用来指定数据表的名称，以及迁移文件是否要建立新的数据表

**实际操作步骤**

执行一下命令

```
$ php artisan make:migration create_students_table --create=students
```

database/migrations/ 目录下则会创建2016\_08\_26\_104514\_create\_students\_table.php 文件

修改文件中的up函数

```
public function up()
{
    Schema::create('students', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->increments('id');
        $table->string('name');
        $table->integer('age')->unsigned()->default(0);
        $table->integer('sex')->unsigned()->default(10);
        $table->integer('created_at')->default(0);
        $table->integer('updated_at')->default(0);
    });
}
```

执行以下命令，完成数据表的构建：

```
php artisan migration
```

### **方式2：生成模型的同时生成迁移文件**

```
$  php artisan make:model Student -m
```

**实际操作步骤:**

```
$  php artisan make:model  Article -m
```

database/migrations/ 目录下则会创建2016\_08\_26\_104605\_create\_articles\_table.php文件，相应的模型文件(app/Article.php)也被创建了

执行以下命令，完成数据表的构建：

```
php artisan migration
```


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